English Composition - Government Civil Liberties and Civil Rights Essay Topics

English Composition - Government Civil Liberties and Civil Rights Essay TopicsWhile there are numerous legislature Civil Liberties and Civil Rights exposition points that an English arrangement understudy will experience, the article should address at any rate one. The themes secured incorporate individual protection, discourse insurances, opportunity of religion, the option to cast a ballot, and racial separation laws.Government common freedoms and social equality article subjects will likewise cover government control and concealment of political perspectives. Furthermore, they will likewise have the option to address issues, for example, political competitors' battle financing and free consumptions. They will likewise have the option to talk about issues with respect to free discourse and articulation. This is particularly significant when the point is an understudy's senior or exposition composing assignment.Law educator Jack Balkin and English teacher David J. D'Alessio made the primary Civil Liberties and Civil Rights Essay subject in 1970. As per a distributed article on the subject, 'The exposition started with the possibility that there ought to be a gathering of inquiries understudies could address, inasmuch as the appropriate responses were not round, and gave just answers that tested the essential topics of conventional paper points.' Each educator was given an alternate title for their article theme. As of this date, throughout the years, there have been numerous changes to the article topic.There are numerous things that administration authorities can do to secure the privileges of the individuals and common freedoms of people. To show, an administration may prohibit open exhibitions that include the utilization of viciousness. Likewise, a legislature can limit the offer of specific merchandise to bunches that are viewed as a danger to the nation, for example, displaced people, pack individuals, and terrorists.In expansion, probably the best case of government assurance of common freedoms and social equality is the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. Furthermore, a legislature can utilize the intensity of tax collection to advance opportunity. Besides, the legislature can restrict media and access to information.When talking about issues of common freedoms and social liberties, the paper should cover the four zones of the First Amendment; free discourse, press, affiliation, and religion. Every one of these zones are imperative to secure the ability to speak freely and the option to request of the administration. Likewise, these zones will be utilized to clarify why columnists are shielded from retaliation by the government.The opportunity of religion ought to be noted and examined all through the article. Numerous religions, for example, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism, are in critical need of lawful insurance from strict oppression. This is significant while examining the Civil Liberties and Civ il Rights paper themes and gives understudies a feeling of viewpoint on what is happening on the planet today.Free discourse ought to likewise be considered in the Civil Liberties and Civil Rights exposition points. Despite the fact that numerous individuals don't concur with the legislature, the individuals ought to reserve the privilege to voice their feelings. Furthermore, a legislature ought to disallow racial segregation.

How to Use a College Writing Program

The most effective method to Use a College Writing ProgramAs school composing courses attract to a nearby, the time has come to write school papers down. School composing projects can make this errand simpler by telling understudies the best way to transform one's paper into a completed item that will meet the prerequisites of the school composing course.When understudies experience school, they discover that each course requires at any rate a few passages to be finished. A school composing project can help understudies in transforming their passages into parts and papers that get by with school composing teachers. This class can likewise show understudies great paper strategies and appropriate arrangement that can make the creative cycle easier.Before understudies start a composing program, they should know the essential standards of composing. They should recognize what section numbers are and what passage breaks are. They ought to likewise realize how to arrange their paper utiliz ing text styles, hues, line dispersing, and format.For model, school composing programs show understudies how to keep in touch with one's school expositions utilizing titles, presentations, body and end. Understudies should know the contrasts between these areas before they start chipping away at their papers. One of the most significant pieces of a school composing course is figuring out how to sort out one's musings that are connected. Understudies ought to figure out how to organize their contemplations and what request to follow.By following a task plan given to understudies in a school composing program, understudies will get an opportunity to rehearse the essential techniques for composing. Before understudies get to the piece of composing a paper, they should begin by composing expositions that are not identified with any one point. This causes them to have the option to deal with their contemplations and utilize legitimate sentence structure and sentence punctuation.A great school composing system can give understudies tips for composing from a scholarly perspective. In school composing classes, understudies figure out how to compose and alter from a target perspective. This encourages understudies to have the option to break down a specific case and take a gander at various points to concoct an end that is more positive.The best piece of a school composing program is that it instructs understudies to think fundamentally. Along these lines, understudies ought to be able to challenge presumptions and expound on things in a positive way. A school composing system can show understudies how to compose adequately and gain validity with school instructors.A school composing project can be exceptionally useful to understudies who need to become teachers. This permits understudies to compose unique papers and procure credit for their achievements. School composing projects can likewise help understudies in picking up involvement with composing during school co mposing classes.

Personal Essay Topics for Womens Rights Essay Topics

Individual Essay Topics for Womens Rights Essay TopicsStudents can utilize their ladies' privileges exposition themes to investigate points that are identified with their coursework, for example, work separation or inappropriate behavior. The present society is exceptionally argumentative, and this gives understudies a lot of chance to engage in the social developments being talked about in class. So as to compose a decent exposition, understudies ought to be set up for these issues to emerge during their composition. They can build up their own specific thoughts on how they will make a move in these circumstances and how they will relate the subject to the course material.Students can utilize their own ladies' privileges exposition points to build up their own exploration strategies and how they will move toward the data they should make their paper. A few understudies may decide to compose from the perspective of a casualty or survivor, while others may take an increasingly target see. The decision of perspective isn't really basic, yet the understudies' degree of investment in the class is very important.Students can likewise make their own ladies' privileges exposition points by just rethinking similar inquiries posed in different courses. It isn't sufficient to just recurrent what they have just realized. Or maybe, they should assume the perspective of the individual who is at present encountering an issue. They should comprehend that a particular individual has the privilege to settle on their own choices with respect to their own body. By seeing how every individual feels, they can set themselves up to have the option to offer a paper in which the voices of the individuals who are encountering the circumstance can be heard.The capacity to bring a circumstance into an increasingly close to home point of view is imperative, as this permits the essayist to recount to an all the more remarkable story. Understudies must figure out how to be eager to be innova tive and break new ground. Composing from the individual's point of view permits them to investigate that individual's interests and find their own issues. Fundamentally, they can explore and mention their own objective facts on the circumstance they are composing about.It isn't important to comprehend the points of interest of the current issues to have the option to compose a successful exposition. There are numerous ways that understudies can make their own story. For instance, it may be pertinent to find out about how current laws and arrangements influence ladies who are encountering an issue. By understanding the things that are going on now, they can all the more effectively envision how they may feel in the future.Students can likewise utilize their own ladies' privileges article subjects to take a gander at issues that are increasingly questionable. They can investigate how they would move toward issues that are being raised in class. Remember that understudies should maint ain the attention on the teacher, however much as could reasonably be expected. By giving significant knowledge that the class is missing, understudies can show the teachers that they can contribute something to the conversation.The most significant thing for understudies to recall when composing ladies' privileges exposition subjects is to be certain that they expound on a circumstance that is of genuine worry to the understudy. By investigating the circumstance, the author can discover associations between issues that are right now being talked about. Through creation associations and realities, the author can interface the purposes of the sections without hopping around too much.Students can utilize ladies' privileges exposition points to discover connects between recent developments and the experience of others. By inspecting the various perspectives, they can give a brief look into an alternate perspective regarding the matter. With cautious thought and reflection, understudies can make a solid contention for change and have any kind of effect on the planet they live in.

Tips on How to Write an Essay on Your Own

Tips on How to Write an Essay on Your OwnYou may discover it very simple to compose an article all alone yet composing an IELTS composing test will require somewhat more exertion. This is the reason you should attempt to discover a composition and exposition test that are as near the sort of inquiry that you have at the top of the priority list. The key is to write in a manner that doesn't make your inquiry look unimportant. Release us through certain tips for composing a paper all alone and how to discover IELTS composing samples.First of all, we should bring up that composition and exposition tests can be found in a few spots. You ought not concentrate on one wellspring of data. Recollect that in the event that you feel that you can't accomplish the work required to compose your paper yourself, at that point you should employ an expert. There are numerous individuals who can get you out with this task.In expansion to the Internet, you can discover composing and exposition tests in different sources. Attempt to get hold of the papers and paper that the colleges, universities and different establishments to give you on a standard premise. You would then be able to contrast the work and yours. You may likewise have the option to find it some place in the course educational plan. On the off chance that you need to have the option to look for the exposition all alone, you should ensure that you inquire as to whether they can furnish you with the specific essay.Before doing the last procedure of composing the paper all alone, you should check whether the article is as of now posted on the Internet. Many individuals who utilize the Internet experience difficulty in finding an exposition. Along these lines, they don't try searching for it. Then again, a few people go through hours looking for articles just to run over an exposition that is as of now accessible online.Moreover, if the paper is as of now posted on the Internet, you ought to experience it before submitt ing it to your instructor. In any event, you will have the option to discover the mistakes and wasteful aspects which will help you in thinking of a superior paper. Your instructor will be keen on your exposition and will show you more the subject.If you are not quick to utilize the Internet, you can discover composing and paper tests from printed materials too. Look at the course books and other instructive materials. You would then be able to utilize the data that you find in print in your paper. Additionally, you will have the option to get thoughts from these books which can help you in making your own essay.The question of how to compose an article all alone has been raised so often. There are numerous individuals who imagine that you ought not take help from another person however the appropriate response is extraordinary. In the event that you need to figure out how to compose an exposition all alone, at that point you ought to figure out how to discover IELTS composing tests . This will empower you to rehearse while not burning through cash on an instructor.Once you become mindful of the way that there are numerous ways by which you can get an IELTS composing test, you ought to feel free to begin figuring out how to compose a paper all alone. With the correct information, you will have the option to compose better expositions and score higher in your test.

Essay Topics For College

Article Topics For CollegeWhen understudies are composing papers, the most well-known exposition points for school are recognizable to them. These points are generally simple to compose and apply. They will as a rule come up in initial classes or during high school.In the present scholarly world, understudies may feel that their theme is too difficult to even think about discussing. With the assistance of a guide, they can start to diagram how they would deal with the various circumstances. This can assist understudies with bettering set themselves up for the different paper points for college.Most understudies will in the long run see the exposition subjects for school as extremely recognizable and effectively congenial. Be that as it may, understudies may not start composing a decent article until they have had some an ideal opportunity to consider the paper theme. Thusly, this ought to be thought about when contemplating composing an extraordinary essay.Students might need in any case a conventional point that they know and have not handled previously. This can give understudies a feeling of solace while they are considering and planning. It likewise permits them to get their hands on different points that might be new to them.Graduates who are composing for school level will need to start by exploring subjects that they have taken care of before. A portion of these might be the absolute most well known themes that numerous understudies know. It very well may be useful to glance back at past assignments and perceive how they were written.It can likewise be helpful to audit a portion of the more unique composing that understudies have had the chance to finish. Doing so can give graduates a few thoughts on the best way to approach a subject. Be that as it may, when they have pondered the general subject of the article, they would then be able to begin to arrange for how they would handle the primary concerns of the essay.Start with a topic and ensure it is int egral to the exposition. There are numerous points that expect understudies to think of a subject. By uniting everything into one subject, it will make the general article simpler to write.Essay points for school should be truly congenial and simple to compose. It is significant that an understudy doesn't spend extended periods of time dealing with an article subject that they won't have the option to finish. A long work routine should be maintained a strategic distance from no matter what.

Topics to Write an Argumentative Essay

Subjects to Write an Argumentative EssayTopics to compose a factious article are fundamental to any exposition, regardless of whether it's composed for a school or college paper, a letter of proposal, or for open talking. At the point when you consider the significant subjects for which individuals have submitted papers, there is consistently a contention that was made by the creator. We'll discuss a portion of those subjects in this article.Argumentative papers are composed for both study hall and casual reasons. Prior to starting a composing task, be certain that you comprehend what kinds of subjects you will expound on, and the principle contentions that help those themes. You can present a theme to a mentor at your school, or you can contact a legitimate exposition mentor in your general vicinity. When you have chosen subjects, you can discover theme diagrams and composing tests online that may be pertinent to the kind of composing task you need to do.Argumentative papers are com posed for both study hall and casual reasons. Prior to starting a composing task, be certain that you realize what sorts of subjects you will expound on, and the principle contentions that help those points. You can present a theme to a guide at your school, or you can contact a legitimate exposition mentor in your area.A extraordinary approach to check the scope of subjects is to peruse the same number of scholastic papers as you can that are identified with the point you need to expound on. You can discover paper theme plots on the Internet, in books composed regarding the matter, and even in course books. These blueprints will give you a smart thought of the classifications that most of subjects fall into.When you realize what you're expounding on, you can begin to develop your own contentions that will bolster every classification that you have picked. In case you will compose a contentious exposition on the subject of movement, you will need to ensure that you have a solid posi tion, on the off chance that you need to have a fruitful essay.College papers are the most widely recognized and famous point for which you'll have to compose a factious article. Your subject will be a main consideration in how well you will do, so be certain that you realize what you need to expound on and what kinds of contentions you'll be making. Your point diagram is an extraordinary spot to begin, yet you can likewise discover a great deal of models online of understudies composing a fundamentally the same as essay.Basic subjects to compose a contentious exposition incorporate religion, governmental issues, sports, and music. Obviously, the subject of each paper will differ contingent upon the point that is being expounded on. Subjects are one of the most significant things to consider when you start composing, and you ought to consider a few distinct themes before you pick one.It's critical to recall that when you compose expositions, you are changing the manner in which indi viduals see the world, and that you should acknowledge a job well done. At the point when you are composing a theory paper, you may need to make a solid effort to persuade your educator that you comprehend the topic and that you have composed a convincing paper.

Simple Controversial Topics For Pursuing Essay Writing

Basic Controversial Topics For Pursuing Essay WritingThe guideline behind basic disputable points for influential article composing is to be inventive and to utilize the intensity of the composed word. In any case, you should be cautious with your selection of words, since it is those words that hold the story or data and make it fascinating. The best strategy for this is to have an exposition layout first and afterward consider the various points of the article, and select a concentration in writing.For the paper subject of the day, we will discuss sex. The most ideal approach to discover straightforward questionable points for powerful article composing is by asking your companions and partners. Ask them what they might want to peruse in the media on sex and perceive how their answers are.Sex has been a hot catch issue for a long time. Indeed, even today, numerous young people are infatuated with it. In the event that you choose to utilize sex as your exposition point, at that poin t it is basic that you abstain from utilizing foul language and disgusting descriptions.Sex isn't continually something to be derided. It can even be a wellspring of delight and want. In any case, not all individuals can adapt to such feelings. It very well may be extremely baffling if the author of the exposition doesn't have the mental fortitude to expound on such issues, or if the individual who is perusing the paper feels offended.Therefore, an effective article theme on sex can be something in the class of verse, writing, history, legislative issues, diaries, reasoning or human science. It must be instructive yet in addition written in an engaging manner.Use similitudes and comparisons, in the event that you are managing a political battle. There is no correct method to expound on sex, as long as it is relevant to the paper topic.Essays on sex should manage raw numbers and utilize great and consistent argumentation to help these realities. Albeit a few journalists become really excited with slang or awful funniness when managing sexual issues, these jokes don't really degrade the peruser's regard for the writer.But if the exposition is excessively close to home, it can kill the peruser and make the person in question awkward with the subject. Keep in mind, sex is only a piece of life. Expound on it in an astute way and it will end up being a triumph.

What Essay Topics On Gender Equality To Write

What Essay Topics On Gender Equality To Write?It may appear to be a simple assignment to compose articles on sexual orientation correspondence, however it takes a great deal of arrangement. Prior to composing any expositions on this theme, ensure you set up a rundown of points you need to compose on. Your subject of decision will decide what number of subjects you can cover in your article. The rundown ought to incorporate wide subjects, for example, social liberties and social equality.After you have made a rundown of points to cover, begin looking into themes that intrigue you. You should locate a subject that is at the forefront of your thoughts. Approach your loved ones for certain thoughts or read about the topic.While you are investigating, observe all the themes that have been examined in the news or in a discussion on the subject of sexual orientation correspondence. Search for various perspectives, readings and models that will help you when composing your article. When you have finished the exploration, you ought to have at any rate four points that you feel great composing about.In request to think of themes for your exposition, consider the subjects of different points you need to expound on. Observe who is engaged with the theme. This is significant on the grounds that it gives you thoughts regarding who you should concentrate on in your article. In any case, don't wander from your subject of center as it will simply put on a show of being odd to readers.Next, connect with alternate points of view in the theme. Converse with your companions or tune in to a narrative or a political syndicated program to discover more data on your point. Getting thoughts from various individuals who have had various perspectives and feelings on the theme will assist you with thinking of various subjects that you feel great composing about.You ought to likewise think about your thoughts regarding the point. Consider your experience a female, just as encounters that yo uhave had as a female. Converse with other ladies who have had comparative encounters, so you can develop what you definitely know. A decent method to consider this is to include an individual tale that talks about the point in an exceptional way.Once you have your subject's recorded, ensure you destroy them an appropriate request. Expound on the principal theme, at that point the second, and afterward the third. At the point when you have completed every one of the four, you should survey them cautiously and update the exposition as needs be. Regardless of what theme you pick, your paper won't be finished on the off chance that you don't invest energy in its structure.By making a rundown of article subjects on sexual orientation correspondence, you can discover thoughts to expound on that might be intriguing to you. Set aside the effort to look into the point so you can guarantee you are remaining inside your theme zone. You ought to consistently make a point to cover the entirety of the themes that you have recorded before composing your article.

Relationship Between Institutional Holdings And Firm Performance Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

The study under consideration Role of Institutional Investors in Corporate Governance in India has been conducted to examine whether institutional investors and its constituents play an active role in corporate governance practices of companies and whether they do have any impact over financial performance of respective companies. This study is essentially empirical and exploratory in nature. It is empirical in the sense that it is a data based research used to derive meaningful conclusions that are capable of being verified by observation or experimentation. It is exploratory in the sense that it explores the evidences of role of institutional investors in corporate governance practices and their financial performance. The study tried to maintain reasonable level of accuracy in constructing corporate governance score and data collection. Widely acknowledged statistical approaches have been used to achieve the study objectives. Objectives of the Study: The present study attempts to achieve the following objectives: To construct corporate governance score To establish relationship between institutional holdings and corporate governance score To establish relationship between institutional holdings and firm performance To establish relationship between corporate governance score and firm performance The Sample Design and Data: The study was started with a vast sample of 4,000 non-finance companies but due to lack of information on all the required variables, sample of 200 companies was considered adequate for the study. The present study is based on the secondary data. It covers a period of five financial years from 1st April 2004 to 31st March 2008. It is considered long enough to generalize on the role of institutional investors. Data has been collected on the institutional holdings in total as well as on different constituents of institutional holdings from nseindia.com. Institutional holdings are further segregated into three constituents. The mutual funds being the first one. The second constituent includes various public and private sector banks, all the developmental financial institutions (like IFCI, ICICI, IDBI, SFC) and insurance companies like the LIC, GIC, and their subsidiaries. The last constituent comprise of foreign institutional investors. The secondary data regarding annual report s to construct the corporate governance score have been collected from respective company websites and sebiedifar.com. The firm performance measures have been divided into two categories, one being the accounting measures while others are based on market returns. The accounting return measures include (%) return on networth, (%) return on capital employed, Profit After Tax, (%) Return on Assets, Net Profit Margin and Earning Per Share. Whereas, market return based measures include Tobins Q, (%) Risk Adjusted Excess Return and (%) Dividend Yield. Data for the study period on financial performance measures have been collected from Prowess Database. The annual published reports incorporate information in quantitative form about the past performance of a business unit but the use of these reports for in-depth analysis and interpretation is not without limitations. The financial position reflected by the annual reports is true only for the last day of accounting year and it may not be relevant for the remaining part of the year. Hence, the conclusions drawn in the present study should be taken in the light of these deficiencies of data. The collected data has been analyzed by using various statistical tools. Table 3.1 Name of Companies Selected For Analysis Company Code Name of Company Company Code Name of Company 1 Aban Offshore Ltd. 101 Jaiprakash Hydro-Power Ltd. 2 Ador Welding Ltd. 102 Jubilant Organosys Ltd. 3 Agro Dutch Industries Ltd. 103 Jet Airways India Ltd. 4 Aarti Industries Ltd. 104 Jindal Steel and Power Ltd. 5 Alfa Laval India Ltd. 105 Jaypee Hotels Ltd. 6 Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd. 106 JSW Steel Ltd. 7 Aegis Logistics Ltd. 107 Kajaria Ceramics Ltd. 8 Alembic Ltd. 108 Kansai Nerolac Paints Ltd. 9 Alps Industries Ltd. 109 KCP Ltd. 10 Apar Industries Ltd. 110 Khaitan Electricals Ltd. 11 Apollo Hospital Ent erprises 111 Lakshmi Machine Works 12 Arvind Remedies Ltd. 112 LGB and Bros. Ltd. 13 Asian Paints Ltd. 113 Larsen and Toubro Ltd. 14 Ashok Leyland Ltd. 114 Liberty Shoes Pvt. Ltd. 15 Asahi India Glass Ltd. 115 Lumax Industries Ltd. 16 Asian Electronics Ltd. 116 Lotte India Corporations Ltd. 17 Asian Hotels Ltd. 117 Lupin Chemicals Ltd. 18 Aurobindo Pharma Ltd. 118 Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. 19 Balaji Telefilms Ltd. 119 Marico Ltd. 20 Bombay and Burmah Trading Corporation Ltd. 120 Maruti Suzuki India Ltd. 21 BASF India Ltd. 121 Max India Ltd. 22 Bell Ceramics Ltd. 122 Madras Cements Ltd 23 Berger Paints (I) Ltd. 123 Malwa Cotton Spinning Mills Ltd. 24 Bharat Rasayan Ltd. 124 Moser-Baer India Ltd 25 BEML Ltd. 125 Nagarjuna Construction Co Ltd. 26 Bharat Electronics ltd. 126 NationalAluminium Company Lt d. 27 Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. 127 Navneet Publications (India) Ltd. 28 Bharat Forge Ltd. 128 NEPC India Ltd. 29 Bharti Airtel Ltd. 129 Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd. 30 Blue Star Infotech Ltd. 130 Nirma Ltd. 31 Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. 131 Nahar Industrial Enterprises 32 Bhushan Steel and Strips Ltd. 132 NTPC Ltd. 33 Birla Corporation Ltd. 133 OCL India Ltd. 34 Biocon Ltd. 134 Omax Autos Ltd. 35 Bombay Dyeing and Manufacturing Co. Ltd. 135 ONGC Ltd. 36 Britannia Industries Ltd. 136 Oil Country Tubular Ltd. 37 Balmer Lawrie and Co. Ltd. 137 Pantaloon Retail India Ltd. 38 Cadila Healthcare Ltd. 138 Petron Engg. Construction 39 Century Textiles and Industries Ltd. 139 Petronet LNG Ltd. 40 Cyber Media (I) Ltd. 140 Premier Ltd. 41 Chambal Fertilizers and Chemicals Ltd. 141 Patel Engg. Ltd. 4 2 Chennai Petrochemical Corporation Ltd. 142 Patspin India Ltd. 43 Chemplast Sanmar Ltd. 143 Radico Khaitan Ltd. 44 Cipla Ltd. 144 Rajesh Exports Ltd. 45 CCL Products (I) Ltd. 145 Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers ltd. 46 Cheslind Textiles and Industries Ltd. 146 Radaan Mediaworks (I) Ltd. 47 Crompton Greaves Ltd. 147 Reliance Industries Ltd. 48 Dabur India Ltd. 148 RPG Cables Ltd. 49 DCW Ltd. 149 R S W M Ltd 50 Delta Magnets Ltd. 150 Rico Auto Industries Ltd. 51 Dharani Sugars and Chemicals Ltd. 151 Rane Holdings Ltd. 52 Deepak Fertilizers Ltd. 152 Ruchi Soya Industries Ltd. 53 Dalmia Cements (Bharat) Ltd. 153 Ramco Industries Ltd. 54 DCM Ltd. 154 Saksoft Ltd. 55 D-Link India Ltd. 155 Saregama India Ltd. 56 Dr. Reddys Laboratories Ltd. 156 S Kumars Nationwide Ltd. 57 Eicher Motors Ltd. 157 Sand esh Ltd. 58 Elgi Equipments Ltd. 158 S Band T International Ltd. 59 Eurotex Inds. and Exports Ltd. 159 Sah Petroleum Ltd. 60 Eveready Inds. Ltd. 160 Sesa Goa Ltd. 61 Everest Industries Ltd. 161 Shipping Corporation of India Ltd. 62 Exide Industries ltd. 162 Salora International Pvt. Ltd. 63 Four Soft Ltd. 163 Sintex Industries Ltd. 64 F D C Ltd. 164 Seamec Ltd. 65 Fame India Ltd. 165 Sterlite Industries India Ltd. 66 Finolex Industries Ltd. 166 Shiva Texyarn Ltd. 67 Fertilizers and Chemicals Ltd. 167 Supreme Petrochemical Ltd. 68 Gas Authority of India Ltd. 168 Sundaram Brake Lining Ltd. 70 Gabriel India Ltd. 170 Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. 71 Godrej Industries Ltd. 171 Tata Power Company Ltd. 72 Grasim Industries Ltd. 172 Tata Tea Ltd. 73 GTN Industries Ltd. 173 Tata Coffee Ltd. 74 Gujarat Minera l Development Corporation Ltd. 174 Texmaco Ltd. 75 Geometric Ltd. 175 TIL Ltd. 76 HCC India Ltd. 176 Tips Industries Ltd. 77 HEG Ltd. 177 Trent Ltd. 78 Hero Honda Motors Ltd. 178 TTK Prestige Ltd. 79 HCL Technologies Ltd. 179 Thermax Ltd. 80 Halonix Ltd. 180 Titan Industries Ltd. 81 Hind Syntax Ltd. 181 Thirumalai Chemicals Ltd. 82 Hitachi home and life solutions India Ltd. 182 TVS Motor Co. Ltd. 83 Heritage Foods (I) Ltd. 183 TV Today Network Ltd. 84 Hindalco Industries Ltd. 184 Usha Martin Ltd. 85 Hindustan Machine Tools Ltd. 185 Ultratech Cement Ltd. 86 Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. 186 Uttam Galva Steels Ltd. 87 Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd. 187 Unitech Ltd. 88 Indian Hotels Company Ltd. 188 United Phosphorous Ltd. 89 IFGL Refractories Ltd. 189 Voltas Ltd. 90 Impex Ferro Tech Ltd. 190 VIP Industries Ltd. 91 Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. 191 Vardhman Holdings Ltd. 92 IFB Agro Industries Ltd. 192 VST Industries Ltd. 93 Infosys Technologies Ltd. 193 Welspun-Gujarat Stahl Rohren Ltd. 94 IPCA Laboratories Ltd. 194 Wipro Ltd. 95 India Glycols Ltd. 195 Wheels India Ltd. 96 ITC Ltd. 196 Wyeth Ltd. 97 IVRCL Infrastructures and Projects Ltd. 197 Xpro India Ltd. 98 Jai Corporation Ltd. 198 Zee Entertainment Enterprise Ltd. 99 Jain Irrigation System Ltd. 199 Zenith Computers Ltd. 100 Jaiprakash Associates Ltd. 200 Zuari Industries Ltd. Construction of Corporate Governance Score: Various researchers have considered alternate measures of corporate governance. Some of them have used single measure, while others have used the multiple measures in the form of indices. Some researchers have used board characteristics as an effective measure of corporate governance as Hermalin and Weisbach (1998, 2003) have used board independence, Bhagat, Carey and Elson (1999) have used stock ownership of board members and Brickley, Coles and Jarrell (1997) have used the occupation of Chairman and CEO positions by the same or two different individuals. Whereas, Gompers, Ishii and Metrick (2003) have constructed a governance measure comprising of an index of 24 corporate governance provisions such as, classification of board of directors, measures taken by corporations to discourage unwanted takeover attempts, various lucrative benefits offered to the top executives if they are discharged of duties after the takeover and others, carrying equal weights collected by the Investment Responsibility Research Center. Bebchuk, Cohen and Ferrell (2004) created an entrenchment index consisting of six provisions in total out of which four include limit to shareholder rights and other two related with potential hostile takeovers. While the above-mentioned reports use data compiled by IRRC, Brown and Caylor (2004) applied Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS) data to construct their governance index. This index considered 51corporate governance features covering eight corporate governance categories: ownership, board of directors, director eduction, executive and director compensation, , progressive practices, audit, charter/bylaws, and state of incorporation. Similarly, Mohanty (2002) has developed nineteen measures of corporate governance and combining it into one composite measure by giving higher weightage to the measures relating to the shareholders compared to the other stakeholders. The details of these measures are: Providing valuable and timely informati on to shareholders, Exceeding projections made at the time of issue of shares, asymmetric treatment of shareholders, quality of earnings, investor grievances, consistent difference between free cash flow to equity and dividends, improvement in credit rating, transfer of wealth from bondholders to shareholders, bondholders grievances, employee turnover rate, strikes and lockouts, customer satisfaction, timely or deferring payment to suppliers, evasion of duties and taxes, building social infrastructure, producing socially useful products, adopting street children, polluting environment, reneging on commitments made to the society. Bhagat and Bolton took GIM G-Index (constructed from data compiled by Investor Responsibility Research Centre), BCF E-Index (6 provision subset of the G-Index), TCL Benchmark Score (based on whether the board is classified, whether the outside directors constitute a majority on the board, whether the board has an independent chairman or lead director, wheth er the audit committee consists of only independent directors, whether the board has adopted a formal governance policy, number of directors with more than fifteen years tenure, number of directors who serve on more than four boards, number of old directors, and CEO compensation structure), BC Gov Score (as described by Brown and Caylor), Board independence, Median Director Dollar Value Ownership, Median Director Percent Value Ownership, CEO Chair duality and some alternative governance measures (the percentage of directors who are currently active CEOs, the percentage of directors currently serving on more than four boards, the percentage of directors who have served on the sample firms board for more than fifteen years, the percentage of old directors, the percentage of women directors, and (6) the percentage of directors not possessing any stock in the sample firm, as governance variables). In the present study, Corporate Governance Score has been developed on the basis of key characteristics of Standard and Poors Transparency and Disclosure Benchmark. Standard and Poors provides a range of corporate governance analyses and services, the crux of which is the Corporate Governance Score. CGSs are based on an assessment of the qualitative aspects of corporate governance practices of a company. Information has been collected on the attributes given below from the latest available annual reports of sample companies. The methodology, with 98 questions in three categories and 12 sub-categories, is designed to balance the conflicting requirements of the range of issues analyzed and the tractability of the analysis. Transparency and Disclosure is evaluated by searching company annual reports for the 98 possible attributes broadly divided into the following three broad categories: Ownership structure and investor rights (28 attributes) Financial transparency and information disclosure (35 attributes) Board and management structure and process (35 attri butes) Each question has been evaluated on a binary basis to ensure objectivity, and rankings for the three broad categories and an overall ranking is developed from the answers to individual questions. 98 Individual Transparency and Disclosure Questions: (1) Ownership Structure and Investor Rights Transparency of ownership: Provide a description of share classes? Provide a review of shareholders by type? Provide the number of issued and authorized but non-issued ordinary shares? Provide the par value of issued and authorized but non-issued ordinary shares? Provide the number of issued and authorized but non-issued shares of preferred, non-voting, and other classes? Provide the par value of issued and authorized but non-issued shares of preferred, non-voting and other classes? Does the company disclose the voting rights for each class of shares? Concentration of Ownership Top 1,3,5, or 10 shareholders disclosed? Shareholders owning more than 10,5, or 3 percent is disclosed? Does the company disclose percentage of cross-ownership? Voting and Shareholder meeting procedures Is there a calendar of important shareholder dates? Review of shareholder meetings (could be minutes)? Describe procedure for proposals at shareholder meetings? How shareholders convene an extraordinary general meeting? How shareholders nominate directors to board? Describe the process of putting inquiry to board? Does the annual report refer to or publish Charter or Code of best corporate governance practices? Are the Articles of Association or Charter Articles of Incorporation published? (2) Financial Transparency and Information Disclosure Is there a discussion of corporate strategy? Report of the kind of business it is pursuing in detail? Does the company give an overview of trends in its industry? Report of the products or services manufactured/provided? Provide the analysis of various segments broken down by business line? Does the market share of any or all of businesses of company disclosed? Does the company report basic earnings forecast of any kind? In detail? Disclose output in physical terms? Does the company give an output forecast of any kind? Does the company give characteristics of assets employed? Does the company provide efficiency indicators Does the company provide any industry-specific ratios? Does the company disclose its plans for investment in the coming years? Does the company disclose details of its investment plans in the coming years? Accounting Policy Review Provide financial information on a quarterly basis? Does the company discuss its accounting policy? Does the company disclose accounting standards it uses for its accounts? Does the company provide accounts according to the local accounting standards? Does the company provide accounts in alternate internationally recognized accounting method? Does the company provide each of the balance sheet, income statement, and cash-flow statement by internationally recognized methods? Does the company provide a reconciliation of its domestic accounts to internationally recognized methods? Accounting Policy Details Does the company disclose methods of asset valuation? Does the company disclose information on method of fixed assets depreciation? Does the company produce consolidated financial statements? Related Party structure and transactions Provide a list of associate companies in which it carries a minority stake Is ownership structure of affiliates is disclosed by the company? Is there a list/register of related party transactions? Is there a list/register of group transactions? Information on Auditors Does the company disclose the name of its auditing firm? Does the company reproduce the auditors report? Disclose how much audit fees is paid to the auditor? Disclose any non-audit fees paid to auditors? (3) Structure of Board and Management and its Process Is there a chairman listed? Are details, vital information, about the chairman disclosed? Is there a list of board members (names)? Are there details about directors (other than name/title) Details about current employment/position of directors provided? Are details about previous employment/positions provided? Disclose the dates of joining of directors on the board? Are directors classified as executive or outside directors? Role of the Board Is the role of Board at the company is disclosed in detail.? Is list of matters reserved for the board is disclosed? Is there a list of board committees? Review last board meeting (could be minutes)? Is there an audit committee? Disclosure of names on audit committee? Is there a remuneration/compensation committee? Names on remuneration/compensation committee? Is there a nomination committee? Disclosure of names on nomination committee? Other internal audit function besides audit committee? Is there a strategy/investment/finance committee? Director training and compensation Disclose whether they provide director training? Disclose the number of shares in the company held by directors? Discuss decision-making process of directors pay? Are specifics of directors salaries disclosed (numbers)? Form of directors salaries disclosed (cash, shares, etc.)? Specifics disclosed on performance-related pay for directors? Executive compensation and evaluation Names of senior managers who are not on the board Details (background information) of senior managers disclosed Disclose the numbers of shares held by the senior managers Disclose the number of shares held by managers in other associated companies Disclose the process of decision-making of managers pay who are not on the board Numbers of managers (not on board) salaries disclosed? Form of managers (not on board) salaries disclosed? Specifics disclosed on performance-related pay for managers? Details of the CEOs contract disclosed? Measures of Financial Performance: To measure the impact of corporate governance on financial performance different researchers have used different financial measures. Hermalin and Weisbach (1991) has taken Tobins Q as the single measure of financial performance. Bhagat and Black (2002) took return on assets, asset turnover and stock returns. Bhagat and Bolton (2007) considered annual return, annual return on assets and annual Tobins Q as performance variables. Brown and Caylor (2004) have used six industry-adjusted performance measures as return on equity, net profit margin, sales growth, Tobins Q, Dividend Yield, Stock Repurchases. Mohanty (2002) has used Tobins Q and stock returns as the measures of financial performance. Overall, nine measures of financial performance have been taken in the present study. Some are based on accounting profits and accounting ratios while others are related to stock prices of sample companies for the sample period. Different measures are stated below: Return on Net worth This is a tool of measuring profitability of a company. It is arrived at using the following formula: Profit After Tax net of non-recurring item x100 Average Net Worth Net worth This represents the share capital and retained earnings of a company. It is arrived at using the following formula: Equity Capital Preference Capital Reserves and Surplus-Revaluation reserve-Misc. expenses not written off Return on capital employed This is another ratio to measure the profitability of a company. It is arrived at using the following formula: Profit After Tax net of non-recurring item x100 Average Capital Employed Capital employed This represents the share capital plus reserves and long- term debt of a company. It is arrived at using the following formula: Equity Capital Preference Capital+ Reserves and Surplus-Revaluation Reserve-Misc. expenses not written off+Total borrowing- (Bank Borrowing+Short- term commercial paper). Profit After Tax This is the net profit of the company after tax. It is derived by deducting all expenditures from the sum of all source of income including changes in stock. This net profit includes all the regular, prior-period and extraordinary sources of income on the income side. Correspondingly, it includes all kinds of revenue expenses including those for prior-period transactions, extraordinary in nature, cash or non-cash in nature, etc. Expenses also include all indirect and direct taxes. Return on Assets This is another ratio to evaluate the profitability of a company. It is calculated using the following formula: Profit Before Depreciation, Interest and Tax x 100 Total Assets Risk Adjusted Excess Return This is a market return based measure of financial performance of a company. It is calculated using the following formula: 365 Days Excess Return over Nifty x100 Beta (a measure for Risk) Beta: It is also known as the systematic risk parameter indicating the volatility of the funds portfolio compared to the benchmark index. It has gained worldwide acceptance as the primary risk measure for asset selection. Unlike standard deviation, which is also a measure of the risk, beta measures the past volatility of a security relative to something else, usually a benchmark index. Tobins Q This is a measure of the financial performance of a company. It is calculated using the following formula: (Market Capitalization+Book value of Debt) x 100 Book value of Assets Market Capitalization: It is defined as the product of the closing price of shares of a company on that date and the number of outstanding equity shares as on the same date. Dividend Yield It is the return earned by an equity shareholder by way of dividends. It is calculated on the closing price on a given date. It is calculated using the following formula: Face value of Equity shares x Dividend rate Closing Price Net Profit Margin This is the profitability margin ratio derived considering into account the profit after tax, which is net of non-recurring item as percentage of gross sales. It is calculated using the following formula: Profit After Tax net of non-recurring item x100 Gross Sales Earning Per Share It is defined as the ratio of the profit after tax net of non-recurring transactions of the company in the 12month period to the number of shares outstanding as on that date. Statistical Tools The study has been conducted in light of three perspectives. The first aspect intends to find out whether the institutional investors and its different constituents do invest in the companies with good governance practices and simultaneously, do their presence improve the governance practices of companies. The second aspect deals with verifying whether institutional investors as whole and its different constituents have any significant and positive impact over financial performance of companies. And the last aspect deals with affirming whether the companies with good governance practices also have better financial companies than the firms with poor governance practices. To throw light on the above aspects and to establish the relationship between Institutional Holdings and Corporate Governance Score, Corporate Governance Score and Institutional Holdings, Institutional Holdings and Firm Performance and Corporate Governance Score and Firm Performance, simple linear regression analysi s has been used. Regression analysis is a statistical tool for the investigation of relationships between variables. In the present study, an attempt has been made to ascertain the causal effect of one variable upon another. Data has been assembled on the variables of interest and employed regression to estimate the quantitative effect of the causal variables upon the variable that they influence. The study also typically assesses the statistical significance at 5 percent level of the estimated relationships, that is, the degree of confidence that the true relationship is close to the estimated relationship. In order to achieve the objectives stated earlier, the present study conceptualized the following null hypotheses for validation of positive relation between institutional holdings, corporate governance and firm performance H01: Institutional/its components Holdings and Corporate Governance score are very closely related in a manner as to depict a positive relationship between the two H02: Corporate Governance Score and Institutional/its components Holdings are also very closely related in a manner as to depict positive relationship between the two H03: Institutional/its components Holdings and various measures of firm performance are very closely related in a manner as to depict positive relationship between the two H04: Corporate Governance Score and various measures of firm performance are very closely related in a manner as to depict positive relationship between the two To investigate these hypotheses, data has been collected from the earlier mentioned sources on institutional holdings and its sub-categories, corporate governance score and different measures of financial performance. The hypothesized relationship between any two variables is written as: Y =  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¡ +  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢X +  Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“ Where  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¡ = the constant value when value of X is zero  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ = the eff ect of X on Y, hypothesized to be positive  Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“ = the error term reflecting other factors that influence Y variable Variable X is termed as independent, explanatory or exogenous variable and variable Y is termed the dependent or endogenous variable Hence, Standardized Co-efficient in terms of Constant value,  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ value and Standard Error has been calculated by taking different variables as independent (Institutional Holdings and different constituents of Institutional Holdings1) and (Corporate Governance Score2) and dependent variables (Corporate Governance Score1, Institutional Holdings in total and different constituents of institutional holdings2) in one chapter. Similarly, in other chapter, (Institutional Holdings and different constituents of Institutional Holdings3) is taken as independent variable and (different measures of financial performance3) is taken as dependent variable. Likewise, in another chapter, (Corporate Governance Score4) is taken as independent and (different measures of financial performance4) as dependent variables. t-statistic has also been calculated to determine the relative importance of each variable in the regression model at 5% level of significance. This statistic can be positive or negative as the parameter estimate from which it is derived is greater or lesser than the hypothesized true value of the parameter. R2 has been calculated to see the proportion of variation in the dependent variable explained by the regression model. It is equal to one minus the ratio of the sum of squared estimated errors (the deviation of the actual value of the dependent variable from the regression line) to the sum of squared deviations about the mean of the dependent variable. Intuitively, the sum of squared deviations about its mean is a measure of the total variation of the dependent variable. The sum of squared deviations about the regression line is a measure of the extent to which the regression fa ils to explain the dependent variable (a measure of the noise). Hence, the R2 statistic is a measure of the extent to which the total variation of the dependent variable is explained by the regression. The values of R2 ranges from 0 and 1. Small values indicate that the model does not fit the data well whereas; a high value suggests that the regression model explains the variation in the dependent variable well. To find out whether the results are reliable or not Durban/Watson values have been calculated. Organization of the Study The study under consideration has been divided into seven chapters, which are mentioned below: Chapter I An Introduction Chapter II Review of Literature Chapter III Research Methodology Chapter IV Institutional Holdings and Corporate Governance Chapter V Institutional Holdings and Firm Performance Chapter VI Corporate Governance and Firm Performance Chapter VII Summary and Conclusion Significance of Study Corporate Governance has been emerged as the most pertinent issue in the corporate world in the recent era. Agency problem is considered as the central cause of governance problems around the world. The large number of small shareholders virtually do not have any control on the managers. They are only informed of the financial results on a periodical basis while the managers control the firms assets. This widely held structure provides an opportunity to the managers to expropriate shareholders wealth and to misappropriate the funds by way of transfer of money as loans to his own companies, or sale of the company assets to themselves at a lesser price or pay himself more perks leading to poor governance practices. To overcome this agency problem and to improve the governance practices, the role of institutional investors have become vital now a day. Being the large investors, they have potential to influence the company strategy and executive decision-making. They can engage in d ialogue with management, attending annual meetings, submitting shareholder resolutions, bringing lawsuits, and other mechanisms designed to communicate shareholder interests to the corporation. Even their selling of shares can have significant pressure on the companies improve their governance practices. But, to the contrary it is also supposed that institutional investors have their own specific objectives and they are more concerned about the return on their investments to the governance practices adopted by the corporations. Therefore, if the institutional investors invest in the companies with higher returns and good governance as well, is justified. Therefore, while investigating into the role of institutional investors in corporate governance, two more related issues have to be considered. Whether the institutional investors presence improve the firm performance and whether the governance practices adopted by the corporations have any impact over their financial performance. H ence, the intricacy of role of institutional investors in corporate governance, impact of institutional investment on firm performance and impact of corporate governance over firm performance needs attention. Various studies have been conducted so far on the above issues around the world and in India also on the above issues and the results have been inconclusive so far. Results are mixed as to the whether the institutional investors invest in the companies with good governance practices or their investment improve the governance practices adopted by the corporations. Similarly, the impact of institutional holdings over financial performance of firms is also not clear and the results are not coherent regarding the impact of corporate governance over firm performance also. The present study is expected to draw the attention of corporate world and researchers towards the role of institutional investors in corporate governance practices in India. The present research work would prov ide important guidelines for institutional investors too whether they should concentrate on the financial performance of target companies only or they should also value the governance practices followed therein. Similarly, it will draw the attention of policy makers towards institutional investor activism in India and thereafter, making policies to enhance the same. Limitations of the Study The conclusions drawn in the present study are of tentative nature, subject to the veracity of the data available. The published annual reports have been taken as the base for constructing corporate governance score and for collecting data on other variables too. But these reports show the position on a particular day, which may not prove true for the whole year. But the researcher, with time constraint, has to depend upon these reports because it is not possible to compile the data originated at different times during the period under study. Corporate Governance Score has been constructed on the basis of information derived from annual reports of only year 2008, therefore, the other limitation of the study. Though it is constructed on the basis of comprehensive attributes but only one score is taken for the study period instead of taking separate scores for individual years as the other variables are taken. This is a maiden attempt on the part of the researcher; therefore, lack of experience may be considered as a stumbling block. This, however, is a mammoth task beyond the reach of an individual researcher. ********

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